# Authors: The MNE-Python contributors.
# License: BSD-3-Clause
# Copyright the MNE-Python contributors.

"""Import NeuroElectrics DataFormat (NEDF) files."""

from copy import deepcopy
from datetime import datetime, timezone

import numpy as np

from ..._fiff.meas_info import create_info
from ..._fiff.utils import _mult_cal_one
from ...utils import _check_fname, _soft_import, verbose, warn
from ..base import BaseRaw


def _getsubnodetext(node, name):
    """Get an element from an XML node, raise an error otherwise.

    Parameters
    ----------
    node: Element
        XML Element
    name: str
        Child element name

    Returns
    -------
    test: str
        Text contents of the child nodes
    """
    subnode = node.findtext(name)
    if not subnode:
        raise RuntimeError("NEDF header " + name + " not found")
    return subnode


def _parse_nedf_header(header):
    """Read header information from the first 10kB of an .nedf file.

    Parameters
    ----------
    header : bytes
        Null-terminated header data, mostly the file's first 10240 bytes.

    Returns
    -------
    info : dict
        A dictionary with header information.
    dt : numpy.dtype
        Structure of the binary EEG/accelerometer/trigger data in the file.
    n_samples : int
        The number of data samples.
    """
    defusedxml = _soft_import("defusedxml", "reading NEDF data")
    info = {}
    # nedf files have three accelerometer channels sampled at 100Hz followed
    # by five EEG samples + TTL trigger sampled at 500Hz
    # For 32 EEG channels and no stim channels, the data layout may look like
    # [ ('acc', '>u2', (3,)),
    #   ('data', dtype([
    #       ('eeg', 'u1', (32, 3)),
    #       ('trig', '>i4', (1,))
    #   ]), (5,))
    # ]

    dt = []  # dtype for the binary data block
    datadt = []  # dtype for a single EEG sample

    headerend = header.find(b"\0")
    if headerend == -1:
        raise RuntimeError("End of header null not found")
    headerxml = defusedxml.ElementTree.fromstring(header[:headerend])
    nedfversion = headerxml.findtext("NEDFversion", "")
    if nedfversion not in ["1.3", "1.4"]:
        warn("NEDFversion unsupported, use with caution")

    if headerxml.findtext("stepDetails/DeviceClass", "") == "STARSTIM":
        warn("Found Starstim, this hasn't been tested extensively!")

    if headerxml.findtext("AdditionalChannelStatus", "OFF") != "OFF":
        raise RuntimeError("Unknown additional channel, aborting.")

    n_acc = int(headerxml.findtext("NumberOfChannelsOfAccelerometer", 0))
    if n_acc:
        # expect one sample of u16 accelerometer data per block
        dt.append(("acc", ">u2", (n_acc,)))

    eegset = headerxml.find("EEGSettings")
    if eegset is None:
        raise RuntimeError("No EEG channels found")
    nchantotal = int(_getsubnodetext(eegset, "TotalNumberOfChannels"))
    info["nchan"] = nchantotal

    info["sfreq"] = int(_getsubnodetext(eegset, "EEGSamplingRate"))
    info["ch_names"] = [e.text for e in eegset.find("EEGMontage")]
    if nchantotal != len(info["ch_names"]):
        raise RuntimeError(
            f"TotalNumberOfChannels ({nchantotal}) != "
            f"channel count ({len(info['ch_names'])})"
        )
    # expect nchantotal uint24s
    datadt.append(("eeg", "B", (nchantotal, 3)))

    if headerxml.find("STIMSettings") is not None:
        # 2* -> two stim samples per eeg sample
        datadt.append(("stim", "B", (2, nchantotal, 3)))
        warn("stim channels are currently ignored")

    # Trigger data: 4 bytes in newer versions, 1 byte in older versions
    trigger_type = ">i4" if headerxml.findtext("NEDFversion") else "B"
    datadt.append(("trig", trigger_type))
    # 5 data samples per block
    dt.append(("data", np.dtype(datadt), (5,)))

    date = headerxml.findtext("StepDetails/StartDate_firstEEGTimestamp", 0)
    info["meas_date"] = datetime.fromtimestamp(int(date) / 1000, timezone.utc)

    n_samples = int(_getsubnodetext(eegset, "NumberOfRecordsOfEEG"))
    n_full, n_last = divmod(n_samples, 5)
    dt_last = deepcopy(dt)
    assert dt_last[-1][-1] == (5,)
    dt_last[-1] = list(dt_last[-1])
    dt_last[-1][-1] = (n_last,)
    dt_last[-1] = tuple(dt_last[-1])
    return info, np.dtype(dt), np.dtype(dt_last), n_samples, n_full


# the first 10240 bytes are header in XML format, padded with NULL bytes
_HDRLEN = 10240


class RawNedf(BaseRaw):
    """Raw object from NeuroElectrics nedf file."""

    def __init__(self, filename, preload=False, verbose=None):
        filename = str(_check_fname(filename, "read", True, "filename"))
        with open(filename, mode="rb") as fid:
            header = fid.read(_HDRLEN)
        header, dt, dt_last, n_samp, n_full = _parse_nedf_header(header)
        ch_names = header["ch_names"] + ["STI 014"]
        ch_types = ["eeg"] * len(ch_names)
        ch_types[-1] = "stim"
        info = create_info(ch_names, header["sfreq"], ch_types)
        # scaling factor ADC-values -> volts
        # taken from the NEDF EEGLAB plugin
        # (https://www.neuroelectrics.com/resources/software/):
        for ch in info["chs"][:-1]:
            ch["cal"] = 2.4 / (6.0 * 8388607)
        with info._unlock():
            info["meas_date"] = header["meas_date"]
        raw_extra = dict(dt=dt, dt_last=dt_last, n_full=n_full)
        super().__init__(
            info,
            preload=preload,
            filenames=[filename],
            verbose=verbose,
            raw_extras=[raw_extra],
            last_samps=[n_samp - 1],
        )

    def _read_segment_file(self, data, idx, fi, start, stop, cals, mult):
        dt = self._raw_extras[fi]["dt"]
        dt_last = self._raw_extras[fi]["dt_last"]
        n_full = self._raw_extras[fi]["n_full"]
        n_eeg = dt[1].subdtype[0][0].shape[0]
        # data is stored in 5-sample chunks (except maybe the last one!)
        # so we have to do some gymnastics to pick the correct parts to
        # read
        offset = start // 5 * dt.itemsize + _HDRLEN
        start_sl = start % 5
        n_samples = stop - start
        n_samples_full = min(stop, n_full * 5) - start
        last = None
        n_chunks = (n_samples_full - 1) // 5 + 1
        n_tot = n_chunks * 5
        with open(self._filenames[fi], "rb") as fid:
            fid.seek(offset, 0)
            chunks = np.fromfile(fid, dtype=dt, count=n_chunks)
            assert len(chunks) == n_chunks
            if n_samples != n_samples_full:
                last = np.fromfile(fid, dtype=dt_last, count=1)
        eeg = _convert_eeg(chunks, n_eeg, n_tot)
        trig = chunks["data"]["trig"].reshape(1, n_tot)
        if last is not None:
            n_last = dt_last["data"].shape[0]
            eeg = np.concatenate((eeg, _convert_eeg(last, n_eeg, n_last)), axis=-1)
            trig = np.concatenate(
                (trig, last["data"]["trig"].reshape(1, n_last)), axis=-1
            )
        one_ = np.concatenate((eeg, trig))
        one = one_[:, start_sl : n_samples + start_sl]
        _mult_cal_one(data, one, idx, cals, mult)


def _convert_eeg(chunks, n_eeg, n_tot):
    # convert uint8-triplet -> int32
    eeg = chunks["data"]["eeg"] @ np.array([1 << 16, 1 << 8, 1])
    # convert sign if necessary
    eeg[eeg > (1 << 23)] -= 1 << 24
    eeg = eeg.reshape((n_tot, n_eeg)).T
    return eeg


@verbose
def read_raw_nedf(filename, preload=False, verbose=None) -> RawNedf:
    """Read NeuroElectrics .nedf files.

    NEDF file versions starting from 1.3 are supported.

    Parameters
    ----------
    filename : path-like
        Path to the ``.nedf`` file.
    %(preload)s
    %(verbose)s

    Returns
    -------
    raw : instance of RawNedf
        A Raw object containing NEDF data.
        See :class:`mne.io.Raw` for documentation of attributes and methods.

    See Also
    --------
    mne.io.Raw : Documentation of attributes and methods of RawNedf.
    """
    return RawNedf(filename, preload, verbose)